Book Description: Taken together, Chapter 1 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) and Project Headstart are the two cornerstones of federal education policy for the disadvantaged that emerged from the War on Poverty. Chapter 1 provides support for supplemental compensatory education to children who are low-income, live in concentrated poverty, and are doing poorly in school. Many immigrant children with limited English proficiency (LEP) belong to this population but are being systematically excluded from Chapter 1 in many communities. This study addresses the claims of LEP populations on Chapter 1 resources, and the extent to which these claims have been exercised; the extent to which LEP students displace the native population in the areas where they "are" served; and the policy implications for reform.